Superposition (70/V9) Mac OS

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2254 words [ 41 Screenshots ] [ 27 Versions ] [ 1 Weblinks ] - Last update: 2020-08-03 Page created: 2004-04-03 [SB]

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Mac System Software

Downloaded the iso image and proceeded to make a Mac OS X bootable USB on windows. To create a bootable media to install Mac OS X leopard on my old macbook A1181. I used imageusb and installed. I was very happy to find this 10.5.4 version which worked perfectly. Many thanks to all. Shoot the plates mac os.

Mac OS was named by the company Apple as 'Mac System Software' in the beginning, a specially designed operating system only for 68K first Motorola processors. With own Macintosh hardware, Mac OS takes up a special role in the world of desktop systems. The first version was 'System 1' and appeared bundled with the Mac in 1984. The classic desktop is designed as a single user operating system and almost completely hides the full path to files and directories. The graphic representation is reduced to the essence. Overall the interface is very easy to use and does not need the right mouse button for user interaction. Mac OS does not include a command line interface.
Starting with System 3.0, the used filesystem HFS was used officially, which does not different between uppercase and lowercase letters. System 5.0 was the first release to run several programs with the integrated MultiFinder at the same time. The operating system was programmed up to system 6.0 mostly in assembler and partially in Pascal and used a 24-bit addressing mode. Cooperative Multi-tasking could optionally be enabled in System 6. System 7.0 first supported 32-bit addressing. Thus allow the operating system can use more memory and more powerful programs. Since 1994 System 7.5 supported for the first time the PowerPC architecture and is optimized with the following Mac OS versions further on this architecture. With System software 7.6 the name was changed to Mac OS in January 1997.
The optimization of the operating system to the hardware has the disadvantage that the system software can not be installed on every Mac. Application compatibility to the Mac systems may also vary with each version.
2006 MacOS X was presented for the first time publicly on x86 hardware, Apple allows the use of Mac OS X only on specific intel-Macintosh systems. According to Steve Jobs Mac OS X have been developed since 2000 internally parallel for Intel and PowerPC processors. The version of Mac OS X 10.6.0 raised the optimization to Intel-based processors further, the new operating system is no longer available for PowerPC Macintosh or pure 32-bit intel processors. In return the user receives a pure 64-bit operating system optimized for performance on multiple processors. Even the GPU computing power itself can be used with specific applications.
The selection of software is focused on the creative industry and enables such as the professional graphic, audio and video editing. Office applications such as MacWrite, Microsoft Office, OpenOffice and 3D games are also available. The choice of browsers is large with iCab, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape, Opera and Mozilla Firefox. StuffIt is the standard software for file compression.

System 6 (Mac OS)

Mac system software 6 came onto the market in 1988. It requires 1 MB RAM and can address up to 8 MB. The file system can organize hard disks up to 2 GByte with 65,536 files. Optionally applications run with the multi Finder in cooperative multitasking. For word processing are programs such as WriteNow, MacWrite II, and Microsoft Word 4.0 available.

System 7 (Mac OS)

The system 7 was first available in May 1991. The new operating system needed 2 MB RAM, optionally it can be switched to 32-bit depending from the used hardware. Cooperative multitasking is now enabled by default, the addressable memory is no longer limited to 8 MB. In addition virtual memory can be enabled.
New is the direct support of networks with file exchange, AppleScript as scripting language and display of colors. Balloons provide help for the user to use the interface. With aliases are icon links to files possible, regardless of the storage location locally or from the network. The TrueType fonts are scalable to any size.
The System Software 7.5 appeared in 1994 and requires at least 4 MB RAM. It was running both on 68k-Macs and Power Macintosh. In September 1996, the update System 7.5.5 includes all available bug fixes, Open Transport 1.1.2, current Ethernet driver and support for storage drive volumes up to 4 GB. With release 7.6 the company Apple changed the name for the operating system from System Software to Mac OS in 1997. At the 31. January 1999 Apple gave the Mac system software 7.5.3 public as free download.
Mac OS 7.6 can be installed on every Mac compatible computer, which contains at least a 68030 processor and supports 32-bit addressing. The 24-bit addressing is no longer supported. Performance is improved in the area of virtual memory and memory management. QuickTime version 2.5 offers better image quality and benefits of multiple processors.
On systems with 68040 or PowerPC processors partitions can be used of up to 2 TByte, systems with 68030 processor remain limited to 4 GB. Check of the disk after a system crash requires now much less time.

Mac OS 8

Mac OS 8 by Apple appeared in July 1997. As minimum requirements are specified a 68040 or PowerPC processor, 32 MB RAM and 120 MB of free disk space. The CTRL key is used to display a specific context menu for different actions. Finder in version 8 is now multithreaded and does no longer breaks other applications during the copy of files. The starting time of the operating system and applications is been reduced. As standard the browser software Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 and Netscape Navigator 3.0 are included. Inside of a TCP/IP network can shared files and printers accessed.
With Mac OS 8.1 the filesystem HFS+ is included by default. Now informations are stored more efficiently on the file system and does less waste disk space in comparison of HFS. The limit of the partition size is depending on your hardware, the maximum size is now 2 TByte for all Quadra and PowerMac systems. The file system can handle up to 2 billion files with a current file size of up to 2 GB. PC Exchange 2.2 allows users the mount of DOS and Windows drives on your desktop. The supported file systems include FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, VFAT.
Mac OS 8.5 further optimized the stability and speed of the operating system, Sherlock is extended for full-text search in local files and Internet search wizard for the first time. Mac systems with 68k processors are no longer compatible with this version. The throughput in Ethernet networks has been increased, AppleScript is now up to 5 x faster than the previous version. The graphical display is accelerated by new QuickDraw routines. Copying files has become faster and increase the disk throughput. A tool for system maintaining detects and fixes errors on the file system automated. The 'Apple System Profiler' creates comprehensive reports about the used hardware and software.
Following applications are included in current version: Finder 8.5 QuickTime Pro 3, Open Transport 2, Internet Explorer 4.01, Outlook Express 4.01, Netscape Navigator 4.0.5, Mac OS Runtime for Java 2.0 and File Exchange 3.
Mac OS 8.6 requires 250 MB free disk space and 24 MB RAM. A new kernel is included which improves performance and added support for the PowerPC G4 processor. The ability of multitasking and multiprocessing has been optimized further and enhanced with new features.
UDF 1.5.2 allows reading and storing data to DVD-RAM and read of DVD-ROM media.

Mac OS 9

The operating system Mac OS 9 has been developed under the name Sonata and released to the 23. October 1999. The installation requires 32 MB RAM with virtual memory and a PowerPC 601 processor or higher. For models with G3 processor are at least 64 MB RAM recommended for optimal performance. The first G4 and iMac systems until summer 2000 are supported. The free disk storage should be 150 up to 400 MB depending on the installation type.
50 new features are added in comparison to the previous version. This includes support for multiple users with password and access management for files and settings. The login is available through authentication by voice. Files can be stored encrypted. The operating system can automatically update itself via the Internet. You can back up all personal passwords with a master password. The integrated search engine Sherlock 2 is extended with language and search templates. The first version 'Carbon' API is available for new applications.
The following applications are included in current version: Finder 9.0, Mac OS Runtime for Java 2.1.4, Apple data security 2.0 and Open Transport 2.5.

Mac OS X

Different technologies like the Mach Kernel, NEXTSTEP and tools from NetBSD and FreeBSD found influence in Mac OS X to merge the previous Apple technology with UNIX features. The operating system core Darwin is open source and can be used also on x86 computers standalone. Mac OS X works with preemptive multi-tasking and includes beside the new GUI Aqua the classic GUI from Mac OS 9.
Superposition (70/V9) Mac OS

Mac OS X 10.0 came out in March 2001. To install are 128 MB RAM (256 MB RAM starting from Mac OS X 10.3.9) and 1.5 GB hard disk space (3.0 GByte starting from Mac OS X 10.2) provided. Mac OS X 10.5 requires at least 512 MB RAM and 9 GByte of free disk space.
- 32-bit or 64-bit processing
- SMP with up to 32 CPUs
- needs a PowerPC G3, G4 or G5
- POSIX compatible
- HFS+ file system
Field of Application
- digital photography
- 2-D and 3-D animations
- video processing, streaming
- audio processing
- platform for DTP, web design
- office applications
Structure Information
- supports QuickTime/VR
- monolithic Kernel
- Read/Write FAT, FAT32, ISO9660, UDF
- well proven TCP/IP Stack
- graphical user interaction with the finder

Superposition (70/v9) Mac Os Download

- graphical representation by Quickdraw
- central password administration (Keychain)
Considerable performance and comfort improvements were carried out in version Mac OS X 10.1. The surface reacts quicker at user interaction, the system start was accelerated and the OpenGL performance increased noticeable.
Mac OS X 10.3 has now a GUI in metallic scheme and the optimized Finder. The use and access in heterogeneous networks was further simplified. Files can be provided with etiquettes, the compression format ZIP is now directly supported. 12 million MacOS X user were counted in October 2004.
According to Apple Mac OS X 10.4 brings more than 200 new features. Features are the fast, system-wide and index-based search function named Spotlight, the Dashboard for easy access to small programs (Widgets), the Automator for the simplified composition of Applescripts for the automation of tasks. The Web browser Safari in version 2.0 now contained RSS support, the QuickTime software was updated to version 7 with support for the H.264 video codec. Further novelty is the delivery at a DVD medium, an installation of CD-ROM is no longer possible.
First since the 10th January 2006 is MacOS X 10.4.4 next to the PowerPC version available for Intel based Macs. On the 6. June 2005 Steve jobs announced at the WWDC the switch to Intel processors. As further details became known that Apple had developed Mac OS X since 2000 internally also for the Intel platform.
Apple released the successor

Superposition (70/v9) Mac Os Update

MacOS X 10.5, Leopard at the 26.10.2007. With more than 300 innovations MacOS offers the user an enhanced user interface with virtual desktops, a fast file preview and Dock with 3D effect. The Finder was revised, the expansion 'Boot Camp' for the installation of Windows on Intel-Macs is an official component now. As a file system ZFS is optionally available. For the surfing on the Internet the Apple Safari 3 Web browser is included. Backups can be made, managed and restored in a simple way with 'Time Machine'. Time Machine makes every hour the day automatically a file backup and every day a snapshot for the duration of a complete month. Lost files are recovered easily over the display of a dynamic time line of those snapshot. The security of the operating system and applications is improved by 11 enhancements. This are beside others the application-based firewall, signed applications, the use of ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) and Sandboxing for applications.
Open Group certified MacOS X 10.5 according to the standard UNIX 03 in November 2007. MacOS X is the first free BSD derivative with such certificate to bear the name UNIX officially. The certification guarantees the use of UNIX standard implementations to porting UNIX applications easily.
The first update with bug fixes was released with Mac OS X 10.5.1 by Apple on November 15th, 2007. It contains general bug fixes for the operating system to improve stability, better compatibility and safety. Mac OS X 10.5.2 cames with 125 bug fixes and smaller optimizations on January 24th, 2008.
Mac OS X 10.6 is a Mac computer with Intel Core 2 Duo processor with at least 1 GB memory and 5 GB free space ahead. This operating system no longer exists as PowerPC execution. Apple placed the focus development on performance and stability. It supports up to 16 TByte memory, it is optimized for multi core processors, and is a pure 64-bit operating system. With the technology OpenCL graphics processor can speed up in specific applications calculations.
Apple released macOS 10.12 as free update on 20th September 2016. The new operating system brings the personal assistant Siri to desktop computers. You can also Auto Unlock with your Apple Watch to unlock the computer automatically. The storage management has been optimized to e.g. free up local storage space and easily get rid of duplicate and obsolete files. The Universal Clipboard allows you to copy and paste images, video, and text between all supported devices. Beside of the HFS+ file system you can use the new file system Apple File System (APFS) as a developer preview on data volumes only. Highlights of APFS are e.g. native encryption, optimization for Flash/SSD storage and the Apple software ecosystem. It is planned that APFS will be the default file system for all Apple products in 2017.


Mac OS 1.0 DesktopMac OS 2.0 DesktopMac OS 3.0 DesktopSystem 6, Macintosh Finder
System 6, system directorySystem 6, system controlSystem 6, find fileSystem 6, Apple menu and scrap book
System 7.5.3, DesktopSystem 7.5.3, Apple menu with control panelSystem 7.5.3, system directory and infoSystem 7.5.3, file menu and system directory
System 7.5.3, help with text balloonsSystem 7.5.3, find fileMac OS 7.6.1, system is startingMac OS 7.6.1, desktop and system directory
Mac OS 9, system is startingMac OS 9, desktop and versionMac OS 9, iCab internet browserMac OS 9, Apple menu with system directory
Mac OS 9, control panelMac OS 9, system partitionMac OS 9, Sherlock 2Mac OS 9, context menu and alias
Desktop of Mac OS 8.1Desktop of Mac OS 10Mac OS 10.3 - Boot logoMac OS 10.3 - Installation screen
Language selectionMac OS X installerStorage drive for installationInstallation type for custom install
Boot screen of Mac OS XDesktop with user directoryAbout this macSystem Preferences
Safari Internet BrowserSoftware UpdateApplicationsUnix bash terminal
Internet Explorer 5.2 for Mac

Versions

1984 - System 0.85, 216 kbyte in size, first time with MFS file system
1985 - System 2.0, updates and improvements like the Finder and menu
1986 - System 3.0, contains optimizations, first time with HFS file system
1987 - System 4.0, bug fixes
1987 - System 4.1, improved Finder (supports HDD >32 mbyte)
1988 - System 6, 32-bit color, Quickdraw support, serial port driver support, Truetype fonts
1990 - System 7, 32-bit memory adressing on supported hardware, first time with virtual memory, updated GUI
1994 - System 7.5
1997 - Mac OS 7.6
1997 - Mac OS 8.0
1998 - Mac OS 8.1, 32-Bit, file system HFS+, only limited memory protection, USB and Firewire on supported hardware
1998 - Mac OS 8.5.1, Sherlock search files on hard disks and on the internet, intranet updates
1999 - Mac OS 8.6, multi-processor capable
1999 - Mac OS 9 (sonata), Sherlock 2 can handle files with size up to 2 tbyte, user profiles (multiple users)
2001 - Mac OS 9.1
1999 - Mac OS X Server, Mach- Kernel 2.5 (Unix-derivated microkernel) better performance and stability
1999 March - Mac OS X Server 1.0
2000 - Mac OS X Server 1.2.3
2001 March - Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah)
2001 Sept. - Mac OS X 10.1 (Puma), improved performance, improved GUI
2002 Aug. - Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar), new applications and technology
2003 Oct. - Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther), new features for improved productivity and security; Mac OS X Server 10.3
2005 April - Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger), new technology; Mac OS X Server 10.4
2006 Jan. - Mac OS X 10.4.4, first also available vor intel based syystems
2007 Oct. - Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard)
2009 Sept. - Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard), only for x86-64 Bit Intel dualcore
2016 Sept. - macOS 10.12 (Sierra) available, introducing Apple File System (APFS)


Introduction

This page is about the creation of bootable hybrid (ISO/HFS) CD-ROMs (CD-ROM able to boot a Macintosh computer and a PC running under Windows or Unix/Linux).
Shmup (itch) (amazingman3) mac os. It is useful to stress the difference between booting a computer (bringing it to life under an operating system) and autostarting a CD-ROM (launching a program or a data file when the medium is inserted in the drive). In the first case, a computer was not running and is launched (booted) under an operating system fully or partially stored on the medium when you start it. In the second case, the user of a running computer inserts a CD-ROM (or any other removable medium) in the drive and expects an application to start automagically.
Please see our FAQ on MacImage for more details on the autostart feature and our page on Macimage for a method to produce such autostarting CD-ROMs on a PC.
We'll only speak about bootable hybrid CD-ROMs in the following text. We also publish on this site a page on bootable HFS CD-ROMs which you should visit if you don't need to produce a hybrid CD-ROM.

Booting a Computer From a CD-ROM

A specification was published in 1995 to describe a method to produce bootable ISO 9660 CD-ROMs. This standard, called 'El Torito', can be downloaded from Phoenix Web site (Phoenix is one of the promoters of this standard).
The principle is to put a so-called 'boot entry' in the sector 17, after the volume descriptor (stored in sector 16). This entry points to one or several bootable images (images of floppy disks or of other media). In the case of a multisession CD-ROM, this boot system must be stored in the last session (see section 2.0 of the standard).
Such a boot method is radically different from a normal boot, where the system accesses the sector 0 of its drives, in some predetermined order, to find a boot sector, that is code which will load the boot code at some memory address. Las vegas free games slot machine.

Does the El Torito Standard Applies to Macintosh Computers?

We don't think that this standard applies to Macintosh computers. Macintosh bootable media are plain HFS media, with a volume descriptor in the logical sector 0, then with a partition table in logical sector 1 pointing to the partitions created on the medium (even if the Mac OS never loads from a CD-ROM other partitions than the first one).
More, the Mac OS needs a special driver (called an extension) to access the ISO 9660 CD-ROMs. Super markup man mac os. This extension is not available at boot time, what means that the booting Macintosh can't access the contents of the ISO CD-ROM.
Meanwhile, it is true that the El Torito standards mentions the PowerPC and the Macintosh (notably in its figures 2 and 4), as opposing to the 80x86 processor. In this context, 'Macintosh' must probably be interpreted as the 68k processor family. Anyway, it is hard to understand the real meaning of this text. Maybe for an hypothetical computer based on those processors and running Unix or Linux?
Anyway, we don't think that one should deduce a contrario that the El Torito standard could be used to produce a CD-ROM able to boot a Macintosh computer (whether based on a PowerPC or a 68k). We never heard of such a project and don't think that somebody ever tried it.

Are They Solutions?

In front of those two conditions to be met (El Torito boot system in sector 17 of the last session of an ISO CD-ROM and Macintosh boot system in sector 0 of any session), two solutions may be envisaged.
Multisession CD-ROM: a first session is burnt from the image of a bootable HFS volume. Then a second session is burnt from the image of a bootable ISO image (conforming to the El Torito standard). This image should be built without references to the former session (without importing the former session).
In such a configuration, the Macintosh will boot from session 1 and load the ISO 9660 as a plain data CD-ROM, since the OS treats all sessions as distinct volumes. We don't think there could be a solution to hide this ISO 9660 session from the Macintosh. On the other hand, the PC will boot from the second session and will not load the first session. At least, Windows only loads the last session of a CD-ROM ; more, it doesn't know how to handle a HFS session without a tool like our MacDisk.
Hybrid CD-ROM: in this second solution, a hybrid CD-ROM is built by juxtaposition of the image of the bootable HFS volume and of the bootable ISO 9660 image. Juxtaposition means that the files contained in both partitions cannot be shared. The first logical sectors of the HFS partition are written in the first physical sectors of the ISO image (in the so-called reserved system sectors) and the HFS partition table points to the sectors after the ISO image. The rest of the HFS partition is appended to the ISO image.
In those conditions, each system will only see the part of the CD-ROM that it knows and will boot from it. One of the advantages of this solution is that the Macintosh doesn't load the ISO partition (special software is needed on the Macintosh to load both partitions [ISO and HFS] from a hybrid CD-ROM).
One should note that this kind of hybrid CD-ROM is not identical to the hybrid CD-ROMs built with tools like Toast on the Macintosh. We call the later case hybrid CD-ROMs with superposition, because both file catalogs are written at the beginning of the volume and point to the same data space, files being shared or not, under the same name or not. In our MacImage, the juxtaposition corresponds to the CD-ROMs built in the partition mode, and the superposition to the CD-ROMs built in the project mode.
For the time being, the first solution is the only one, because our Hybridator (tool to produce an image from a HFS volume and to write this partition around the ISO image) doesn't manage correctly the bootable volumes and rebuilds the partition table (see below).

How to Make a Bootable HFS image?

On the Macintosh, you have to create startup information in sectors 0 and 1 of the volume, then to copy a System folder in the root folder. Caution, all System folders are not the same. The best to use is one found on an Apple System installer disk.
We recommend you visit the page published by Roxio (new software subsidiary of Adaptec) on Making a Macintosh Bootable CD Using Toast.
From this volume, you could make an image with Toast, asking it to burn a CD-ROM from a HFS disk and redirecting the output to a file. Plyr youtube. Such an image is a faithful copy, sector by sector, of the original volume, and keeps its 'bootability'. Please note that Toast refuses to make a copy of the volume used to boot the system, because some files are in use in the System folder. Therefore, you must have several bootable volumes on the computer and select another one.
This image file can then be transfered to the PC with all usual means, notably our MacDisk. It will be the data source for the creation of the CD-ROM.
On the other hand, our Hybridator doesn't allow you to make a plain copy of a Macintosh volume because it tries to apply one of Apple rules, i.e. that CD-ROM should not carry a driver and should not be multipartitioned. That means that the current version of the software destroys the booting system while reconstructing a simpler partition table. We will probably add in the near future a special feature to allow the raw copy of a bootable volume.
https://downwup351.weebly.com/access-denied-itch-mac-os.html. On the other hand, hybridator accepts to take an image-file produced with Toast and to put it onto an ISO image (produced with another software on the PC).

How to Burn a Hybrid or HFS Image?

The king of chicago mac os. Burning a hybrid of HFS image is just like burning an ISO image or whatever kind of data. Please consult our CD-ROM FAQ for hints and tips on burning images with all current burning software packages and in particular for comments on some package which do more checks on the image files as they should.





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